Electricity cbsc class 10th
1) Electric current :- Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor.
The device which causes the flow of electrons through a conductor is called a cell. Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
Electric current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. This is called conventional current.
Electric current is expressed as The rate of flow of charges through a conductor or the quantity of charges flowing through a conductor in unit time.
I=Q÷t
I — current
Q— quantity of charge
t — time
The SI unit of electric charge is coulomb (C).
It is the charge contained in 6x10 18 electrons.
The SI unit of current is called ampere (A).
One ampere is the current flowing through a conductor if I coulomb of charge flows through it in 1 second.
1 coulomb 1 ampere = 1 second Electric Current is measured by an ammeter.
It is always connected in series in a circuit.
Electric potential and Potential difference
Electric current will flow through a conductor only if there is a difference in the electric potential between the two ends of the conductor.
This difference in electric potential between the two ends of a conductor is called potential difference.
The potential difference in a circuit is provided by a cell or battery.
The chemical reaction in the cell produces a potential difference between the two terminals and sets the electrons in motion and produces electric current.
Potential difference :- between two points A and B of a conductor is the amount of work done to move a unit charge from A to B.
Work done Potential difference = Charge w or v =
The SI unit of potential difference is volt (V).
One volt is the potential difference when 1 joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to the other.
1 joule 1 volt = 1 coulomb or 1 V = Potential difference is measured by a voltmeter. It is always connected in parallel across the two point between which the potential difference is to be measured.
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