Introduction of Dengue and Chikungunia A

 INTRODUCTION

Dengue and chikungunya are both arboviral diseases caused by single-stranded RNA viruses ( DENV). They are both vigorous viruses spread by the Aedes mosquito. Both the diseases are occurs at temperature and ecoregions on spared all over the world. 

Dengue fever was first explained as “Water intoxication” correlated with flying insects in a Chinese medical encyclopedia in 992 Since the Jin Dynasty (265-420 AD). The word “dengue” is derived from the Swahili phrase Ka-dinga pepo, meaning “cramp-like seizure”. The first clinically recognized dengue epidemics transpired practically  in Asia,

 Dengue virus has 4 distinct serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4). Infection with one serotype gives lifelong immunity against a particular serotype and less immunity against other serotypes. Flavivirus includes yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Dengue viruses belong to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Dengue fever is also known as bone break disease because of severe pain in the bone. This infection spread through female Ades Ageypti mosquitoes to humans. when an uninfected mosquito feeds upon a viremic person the mosquito uses the virus as it ingests the blood and the virus undergoes replication and is transmitted to a new host.

Similarly, Chikungunya viruses  (CHIKV) are comes under the genus Alphavirus and the family Togaviridae. The word “Chikungunya” is derived from the Makonde language which  means “ bends up.”That may look like a different way to characterize a virus, but the name comes from a symptom. When infected with chikungunya, the illness can cause severe joint pain. That pain can cause a more detailed inclined posture from the arthritic symptoms of the disease.

 Large no of outbreak occurs by 2 types of mosquitos  Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti.  Nowadays it is major in both urban and rural areas. Mostly the environmental factors are responsible for this huge outbreak. It also caused a major outbreak in 2015 in several countries and regions of America.

The National vector-borne Disease Control  Programme (NVBDCP),  found that a total of 82671 no. chikungunya cases and 123106 no. dengue cases were suspected out of which 8806 no. Chikungunia confirmed cases were found in 2021. Out of these  8278, 1 death case of dengue occurred all over India in April 2022. States like Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Delhi, and Jharkhand seems highest mortality rate.

Mostly in Africa, Asia continent and the subcontinent of, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc.  Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)  are transmitted by some species of mosquito, Ades aegypti. Both  Viruses cause acute febrile illness with almost identical symptoms in the early stage of infection. Different molecular techniques are used for the detection of dengue and chikungunya disease.